SurvivalRing

*Title*

Crisis relocation: perspectives of Americans

*Department of US*

DCPA – Defense Civil Preparedness Agency

*Abstract*

• The task of this study is not to advocate crisis relocation planning, rather, it attempts to assess the desirability of feasibility studies of population evacuation. Among the major factors affecting feasibility, public acceptance of relocation concepts must rank high. Plans could be developed with minimum public concern, and the planning process itself can be a low profile activity throughout. However, if the evacuation program is to have a chance succeeding, its acceptance by the public, and their eventual compliance with its provisions must be considered. The data support the conclusion that crisis relocation planning is acceptable to most Americans, and that the sentiments revealed in the national studies establish a broad bed of essentially supportive, though passive, attitudes which make it altogether possible to proceed both with feasibility assessments, and in terms of acceptability, with actual planning.

*Details”

Call Number:	2695
Crisis relocation: perspectives of Americans
Author(s):	Nehnevajsa, Jiri ; Defense Civil Preparedness Agency.
Description:	42 p.
Publication Data:	Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh. Department of Sociology. January 1975
Identifier/s:	Misc. No.: 4812C/ Misc. No.: DAHC20-72-C-0145/ Accession No.: 54534
Type of Item:	(REPORT)
url:	URLs are tested and verified at time of data entry. handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA011104 (2mb)
Subjects:	1. CIVIL DEFENSE 2. CRISIS RELOCATION 3. PUBLIC OPINION 4. SHELTERS 5. EVACUATION
Series Data:	One in a series of reports on defense civil preparedness issues
Summary/abstract:	The task of this study is not to advocate crisis relocation planning, rather, it attempts to assess the desirability of feasibility studies of population evacuation. Among the major factors affecting feasibility, public acceptance of relocation concepts must rank high. Plans could be developed with minimum public concern, and the planning process itself can be a low profile activity throughout. However, if the evacuation program is to have a chance succeeding, its acceptance by the public, and their eventual compliance with its provisions must be considered. The data support the conclusion that crisis relocation planning is acceptable to most Americans, and that the sentiments revealed in the national studies establish a broad bed of essentially supportive, though passive, attitudes which make it altogether possible to proceed both with feasibility assessments, and in terms of acceptability, with actual planning.
Availability:	Not available on Interlibrary Loan
Copies:	c.1: DOCUMENT ROOM – ROOM 209 [Status: IN]

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Note from Rich: Water is THE most important thing to consider in any prepping, survival, or disaster situation. While this particular report discusses some rather disturbing aspects of making water in extreme situations, it is still worthy of consideration and study…just in case.

Rich – 23:31:12 – 2010-04-16

*Title*

Continuous potable water supply for fallout shelters and other isolated sites – final report

*Department of US*

Office of Civil Defense

*Abstract*

• In the manned space program, a good deal of effort has been devoted to developing a system for the recovery of water from urine. Processes involving the use of external power yield a satisfactory product only after extensive post treatment, usually involving physical chemical methods. This investigation centers on the evaluation of urine into water suitable for drinking or other uses in fallout shelters and other isolated sites. The capacity of the multiple and mixed bed ion exchange for the dimineralization of urine; and of activated carbon for the removal of urea, foaming agents, and color were evaluated. Reaction rates and products were determined for the oxidation of urea with calcium hypochlorite and with nitrous acid. The hydrolysis of urea without buffer using the enzyme urease was explored. A strongly acidic sulfonated polystyrene exchange resin was found to be effective for the removal of urea from urine. Experiments on the precipitation of chloride and carbonate, either present in urine or a reaction product, with silver salts were conducted.

*Details”

Call Number:	953 v.2
Continuous potable water supply for fallout shelters and other isolated sites – final report
Author(s):	Grieves, Robert B. and Quon, Jimmie E. ; Armed Forces Epidemiology Board. Commission on Environmental Hygiene; Army. Medical Research and Development Command; Office of Civil Defense.
Description:	71 p.
Publication Data:	Evanston, IL : Northwestern University. The Technological Institute. July 1964
Identifier/s:	Misc. No.: DA-49-193-MD-2316/ Accession No.: 59877/ NTIS: AD450653L
Type of Item:	(REPORT)
url:	URLs are tested and verified at time of data entry. handle.dtic.mil/100.2/AD450653 (2mb)
Subjects:	1. FALLOUT SHELTERS 2. WATER SUPPLIES 3. CIVIL DEFENSE
Summary/abstract:	In the manned space program, a good deal of effort has been devoted to developing a system for the recovery of water from urine. Processes involving the use of external power yield a satisfactory product only after extensive post treatment, usually involving physical chemical methods. This investigation centers on the evaluation of urine into water suitable for drinking or other uses in fallout shelters and other isolated sites. The capacity of the multiple and mixed bed ion exchange for the dimineralization of urine; and of activated carbon for the removal of urea, foaming agents, and color were evaluated. Reaction rates and products were determined for the oxidation of urea with calcium hypochlorite and with nitrous acid. The hydrolysis of urea without buffer using the enzyme urease was explored. A strongly acidic sulfonated polystyrene exchange resin was found to be effective for the removal of urea from urine. Experiments on the precipitation of chloride and carbonate, either present in urine or a reaction product, with silver salts were conducted.
Availability:	Not available on Interlibrary Loan
Copies:	c.1: DOCUMENT ROOM – ROOM 209 [Status: IN]

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Shared with permission of Leon from SurvivalCommonSense.com
Posted on April 16th, 2010 by Leon in Survival knives

by Leon Pantenburg

The term “Survival knife” starts discussions! A while back, a question was asked about what to carry in the hollow handle of a survival knife. Specifically, what survival items are so important that they should be included as part of the knife?

This leads to another question: What useful items can you actually put in that handle space? Is having that tiny bit of extra space worth weakening the entire knife? After all, the logical place for the knife to fail is where the blade meets the handle, and some hollow handle knives will break under the stress of hard use.

Then, suppose you do pack the handle with assorted items. Will you be able to get them out under the duress of a survival situation, or will the stuff have shifted and settled into a blob of useless junk? A knife handle is hardly the place to store something fragile!

What Is a Survival Knife?

Any survival knife question should start with yet another question: What do you consider a survival knife, and what do you anticipate using it for?

Many popular survival knife ideas came from “First Blood” when Rambo used a hollow handle version.

There seem to be some extreme views in this topic. The 1980s Rambo movies, starring a steroid-infused, testosterone-exuding Sylvester Stallone, started the whole hollow-handle Bowie-type survival knife cult.

Rambo, according to the “First Blood” scriptwriters, could apparently pack anything he needed for wilderness or urban survival in the hollow handle of his knife/sword. (Remember in the first movie,  when he pulled out that suture from the handle and sewed up his arm? And where’d he get all the stuff to make booby traps? And how about that spear he made with his knife to stab a wild pig?) As the Rambo movies progressed, the knives got bigger. First Blood [Blu-ray]

The Rambo movies spawned a slew of cheap, imitation copies, and some people bought them to include in their survival kit. Don’t mistake the junk for some of the high quality products on the market.

Some excellent hollow handle examples are made by knifemaker Chris Reeve in Boise, Idaho. My first exposure to Reeve’s products was when I stopped into Criner’s Cutlery, a little knife shop off the main drag in downtown Boise.

Reeve’s hollow handle knives are made of a single piece of steel, so there is small danger of breakage. The workmanship is superb and the blades maintain a sharp edge, and according the shop owner, are easy to sharpen. The shop had a Reeve-made skinner they loaned out to customers to try, and all reports were excellent.

Another excellent quality hollow handle survival knife is the Buck-184 Buckmaster. Resembling the Rambo knife, it is a hefty piece of steel and a quality piece of work.

I never bought a Buckmaster, but one of my elk hunting buddies, Phil Walker, did. An incredibly skilled hunter, outdoorsman and great friend, Phil harvested deer and elk every year with monotonous regularity. When Phil sauntered back into camp with that elaborately-casual grin on his face, it meant the rest of us had a meat-hauling job ahead.

Phil’s gear was all top quality, and had been refined over the years so it filled all his elk hunting needs.  Phil’s elk rifle was a Ruger Number 1 in .338 Winchester. The hunting cutlery he carried included an 8-inch Old Hickory butcher, a Wyoming knife Wyoming 5″ 3/4 Skinner Blade Knife With Black Polymer Handle/carrying case blade cover Md: WKSP. and (Phil being a native Texan) an honest-to-God bowie knife.

Those wouldn’t have been my equipment choices, but it’s hard to argue with success.

My personal philosophy on survival knives is at the other extreme. I believe that survival knife design isn’t as important as proximity and ease of carrying.

You can’t carry a Rambo knife everywhere, so when (fill in the apocalyptic acronym) happens, that tiny, keychain Swiss Army Classic on your keyring may be all you have to work with. Victorinox Swiss Army Tinker with Free Classic Knife

What design is best?

I was lukewarm, at best, about the hollow handle/storage concept until I was asked to design such a knife. My buddy, the late Dr. Jim Grenfell, of Bend, Or., took up metalworking upon retirement. Jim, a Korean War fighter/bomber pilot, with 43 combat missions, was a graduate of three military wilderness survival schools.

If he thought the idea had merit, I was willing to pay attention. Per my recommendations, the prototype blade ended up being a carbon steel, drop point design, five inches long; 3/16-inch thick, about 1-3/4 inches wide, with a straight taper edge. The handle was taken from a cheaper model and welded to the knife tang.

The completed knife works very well. I gave the prototype to my brother Mike for his 40^th birthday, and it has been used extensively for deer and elk hunting. Jim passed away before he could finish my knife, so I still don’t own a hollow handle survival knife!

Space matters Suppose you’re considering buying a quality hollow handle, Rambo First Blood Licensed Bowie Knife 25th Anniversary and you want to make the best use of the space. How much actual volume is there?

The knife handle, left, has about as much space as the waterproof match container and Nalgene vial.

A common-sized handle, if such a thing exists, appears to be about one inch in outside diameter. Interior diameter is 7/8-inch and the depth of the cavity is about 3-1/8 inches from the bottom to the start of the threads. The space is big enough to hold about two liquid ounces, or is a little bigger than a waterproof match container.
Based on that formula, ask yourself: What items, along with the knife, would do me the most good? Here’s what I wouldn’t put in the handle:

• Waterproof Matches: I don’t trust matches as a reliable source of fire making. (See related story.) You can only carry a finite number, and matches deteriorate with time. In addition, the movement and shock associated with being carried in a knife handle would eventually ruin them. Waterproof Match Storage Container Camping with Emergency Mirror & Flint
• Fish hooks and sinkers: I tie flies and jigs and make most of my own lures. I probably have too much fishing-related stuff. Even with all that gear, and a genuine enthusiasm for fishing, there are days when a fisherman can’t buy a bite. Don’t waste the handle space on something like hooks or weights you probably won’t use.
• Water purification tablets: These are left out because you must have a container to put the water in before it can be purified. Put water purifiers in another kit. Besides, unless properly packed, pills will dissolve, deteriorate or be vibrated into powder.Potable Aqua Water Treatment Tablets
• A Swiss Army Classic:  Don’t put my beloved dinky, everyday carry, do-it-all knife in the handle! A Classic doesn’t need to be kept dry, and it would take up valuable space. Besides, don’t put all your eggs in the same basket.
• Survival Instructions: If you haven’t learned survival skills by the time you need them, a booklet won’t help. Knowledge is the most important part of your survival kit!

You could include these:

• Drugs, man: If you have special medical needs, this might be one place to properly store the pills. Also, pain or allergy meds or other presecription medications could be literally at hand. (More about storage later.)
• Firemaking tools: Include a Boy Scout Hot Spark or possibly a Spark-It. There should be room for some waxed firestarter, too. Include a few inches of jute twine to stop any rattling around and use that as a firestarter.
• A glover’s needle and dental floss: In an extreme emergency, you could suture a wound with these items. But more likely, the value would be to repair equipment or clothing.Glover’s Needles 10/Pkg – Size 01

So, How Do You Pack These Things? Whatever items are in the handle must be accessible. In a survival situation you may be working with cold, numb fingers, or be shaking from fear, injury or shock. You don’t want to fumble with the contents and drop them in the snow or dirt. This works really well: Get some Nalgene vials. Nalgene Multi-Purpose Snap-Cap Vial Kit There is a set that chambers in the hollow handle like a shotgun shell into a shotgun. One of the vials is 3-3/8-inch high, so it is a little longer than the handle cavity. Trim the edge of the vial so it fits inside, and leave a small tab you can grab with your fingers. Put all your gear in the vial and carry it that way. The vials also allow you to divide up the space. Pack your meds, individually in cellophane, in a smaller vial, and pack it tightly with cotton. This will keep the pills from being smashed or powdered. Stack another vial on top in the space with other meds or necessary items. So, the final decision will end up being if the tiny bit of extra space gained with a hollow handle is really useful and worth investing in. In the end, like in most survival-related topics, the gear choice selection will be up to you. Me, I’m sticking with my original premise: The only survival knife you have is the one on your person when it is needed. Recommended Reading: Surviving a Wilderness Emergency More Info: Swiss Army knives Great knives Chris Reeve Knives 

For more related SurvivalCommonSense.com tips and stories, click on the highlighted words:

• STOP: Use this exercise to reduce stress and focus your thoughts.
• Write a note to let people know where you went, before you left.
• Take your Ten Essentials on every outing.
• Dress with the right fabrics.
• Have a plan to make a tarp shelter.
• Carry lightweight, compact firestarter.
• Find the most effective fire ignition system.
• How to make charcloth, a material that can catch a spark from any source.
• Use charcloth as an effective method of catching a spark to make a fire.
• It can kill you: Hypothermia
• Hardtack: A great emergency food

*Author Bio*

ABOUT LEON: Since 1991, Leon has been an assistant scoutmaster with Boy Scout Troop 18 in Bend, and a wilderness skills trainer for the Boy Scouts’ Fremont District. Leon earned a second degree black belt in Taekwondo, and competed in his last tournament (sparring and form) at age 49. He is an enthusiastic Bluegrass mandolin picker, two-time finalist in the International Dutch Oven Society’s World Championships, and a freelance writer for the Bulletin newspaper in Bend, Or.

Shared with permission of Leon from SurvivalCommonSense.com
Posted on April 8th, 2010 by Leon in Survival Equipment

by Leon Pantenburg

The Easter earthquake in southern California and the recent catastrophic quake in Chile should have been a wakeup call to anyone who lives in an earthquake zone. You need to make a personal earthquake survival kit that you can carry with you at all time.

Keep basic survival tools with you at all times. On the keyring: LED flashlight, fingernail clippers, whistle, Boy Scout Hot Spark and Classic Swiss Army knife. The other knife rides in a pouch on my belt, wherever it is legal..

An earthquake, tsunami or other natural disaster is unlikely to happen? And, of course, not to you? You don’t need to read further!

….Still here?

Then here’s  a fact: In ANY emergency, 80 percent of the people involved will be in denial of the situation and have to be told what to do, according to John Leach, author of Survival Psychology. Of that crowd in the emergency,10 percent will do the wrong thing, and the other 10 percent will act rationally, based on the training they have aquired. If you want to be a survivor, of any emergency situation, you have to start with knowledge and training. The Survivors Club: The Secrets and Science that Could Save Your Life And you need the correct survival tools or survival kit and know what to do with it.

HERE’S THE SCENERIO: The earthquake hits while you’re at work. The office walls start to shake and the pictures start to fall. Alarms go off. Head pop up above the cubicles, as people, with no idea of what to do, look around. Some will sit back down and get back to work.

Now what? Stay? Go? Logout, then go? Ignore the situation?

Knowledge is key to survival, and you are prepared. You never thought: “This can’t happen to me.”  You paid attention at the mandatory safety meeting about building evacuation. You read earthquake survival information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Because you prepared before hand, you already have a survival mindset,  a survival kit and a plan. You know where the stairs are, and the quickest way to get out of the building.

So get out immediately. Ignore any jokes or jibes from the 80 percenters. Don’t pay attention to the members of the 10 percent who want to do something stupid. You are intent on survival, and that means getting out of the danger zone.

As I type this, I have a butane lighter in my pocket, Windmill Classic Stormproof Lighter
a whistle,Ultimate Survival Technologies JetScream Whistle
knife, Victorinox Swiss Army Tinker with Free Classic Knife
fingernail clippers, LED flashlight, LRI Photon II LED Keychain Micro-Light
small knife and magnesium stick on my belt clip, and a Swiss Army knife in my belt pouch. My wallet has firestarter, charcloth and a signal mirror in it. Ultimate Survival Technologies 2×3 StarFlash Emergency Signal Mirror
This gear goes with me everywhere it’s legal, even though the 80 percenters tend to roll their eyes if they notice my stuff. I have carried this collection in the pocket of a suitcoat, or in my briefcase, but it’s always on me.

The ladies can carry complete urban survival kits in their purses, and no one will ever be the wiser. After all, the earthquake could  happen when you’re in a meeting or away from your desk.

If  the earthquake happens right now, and I have to sprint for the door and can’t grab anything else, I have the

Carry survival gear in your wallet. I always have (from left) firestarter, charcloth (in a waterproof, plastic bag) and a signal mirror with me.

minimum tools on my person to make a fire and stay warm and signal for help.

In our office earthquake scenerio, you may have to start using your survival tools immediately. Here’s how the evacuation situation may play out: You use your survival mindset and leave your desk as soon as you sense danger and head for the nearest exit. If necessary, push through the people milling aimlessly around.

If the lights go out, then you and your flashlight become the leader. In the darkness, people will look toward the light and wonder what to do next. Blow your whistle loudly, (this immediately makes you the  perceived authority figure), and in a loud, matter-of-fact voice order everyone to remain calm, and follow you quietly. (The 80 percenters won’t have a clue. They’ll do whatever the authority figure tells them to.)

Your actions to organize an orderly evacuation may later win you an award and plaque. BUT the immediate purpose of this organization is to make sure YOU make it to the exit. If people panic, crowd around or pile up around the door, nobody gets out.

Lead everyone quietly down the staris and out of the building. Don’t let anyone distract you: Your immediate goal is to get out of the building before it collapses.

A map, compass and possibly a GPS should be part of any survival kit, and may be very useful once you get out of the collapsing building. The whistle may be what gets you out!

Gather everyone at the safe place mentioned in the safety briefing, and then assess the situation. Order everyone to stay out of the building, and if someone insists on going back, order them to stay put. But they are now responsible for their own safety, and you have accomplished your first goal: that of getting out of the danger zone.

If it is safe to do so, and there is no smell of gas or chemicals, building a campfire  in a safe open area might be the next order of  business. The fire will serve as a rally point, and a gathering place, as you wait for emergency personnel to arrive. Also, gathering firewood from pallets, dumpsters etc. will give people a focus while they wait for rescue.

Depending on the severity of the earthquake, what happens next is hard to determine.

Now, you’ll use the rest of your survival kit and training to make it through the emergency. This might mean you start walking home, or you make a shelter. If someone needs medical attention, let’s hope somebody has taken a first aid course.  You have accomplished your first survival goal and got out of the building. Now, you will need to rely on the rest of your survival training and follow the plan you made.

Survival Kits or Gear

The safest bet is to make your own survival kit. Start with a realistic assessment of your skills and needs, then start researching. One size doesn’t fit all – a survival kit that works in the cold northwest, will be different than one designed for Florida, and vice versa.

While commercial survival kits are available, the quality of some items is sometimes reduced to cut costs. Some things, such as fishing hooks, sinkers and line are included because people think they need them. And some items are included in commercial kits because they’re cheap and take up space.

If you have certain medical needs or conditions, make sure the kit includes the appropriate medications.

Let’s start here: Many experts agree that a minimum kit should contain the following materials:

• survival knifeVictorinox Swiss Army Tinker with Free Classic Knife
• firemaking tool(s) and firestarterStrike It, Matchless Firestarter
• compass, map and GPS Suunto M-3DL Compass
• mirror (for signaling
• signal whistleUltimate Survival Technologies 2×3 StarFlash Emergency Signal Mirror
• flashlight LRI Photon II LED Keychain Micro-Light
• Some form of shelter

Survival Knowledge

Every town has a survival guru with a website, but that doesn’t mean they know anything. In fact, be leery of any survival website – here are a lot of people out to make a fast buck. Start your survival training by contacting the people who work with emergencies every day: police, sheriff’s departments, search and rescue, the Red Cross and see if they have recommendations for necessary gear. They will also have a pretty good idea of  who is good teacher and who is a fraud.

Then, educate yourself. Practice with your survival tools. Don’t take any recommendations at face value, unless the source has been proven to be reliable. Then, make your survival kit, and take it along.

Everywhere.

For more related SurvivalCommonSense.com tips and stories, click on the highlighted words: 

• STOP: Use this exercise to reduce stress and focus your thoughts.
• Take your Ten Essentials on every outing.
• Have a plan to make a tarp shelter.
• Find the most effective fire ignition system.
• Use charcloth as an effective method of catching a spark to make a fire.
• It can kill you: Hypothermia

*Author Bio*

ABOUT LEON: Since 1991, Leon has been an assistant scoutmaster with Boy Scout Troop 18 in Bend, and a wilderness skills trainer for the Boy Scouts’ Fremont District. Leon earned a second degree black belt in Taekwondo, and competed in his last tournament (sparring and form) at age 49. He is an enthusiastic Bluegrass mandolin picker, two-time finalist in the International Dutch Oven Society’s World Championships, and a freelance writer for the Bulletin newspaper in Bend, Or.

*Title*

Guide to shelter organization and management

*Department of US*

Office of Civil Defense

*Abstract*

The Shelter Organization and Management Guide has three major purposes. Firstly, it is a summary of current knowledge for administrative operations, and research personnel on the subject of shelter organization and management. Secondly, it is an informational aid to both trained and untrained shelter managers in an emergency situation. Thirdly, it can be incorporated into the formal course materials in training shelter managers, and other civil defense personnel. The guide is limited to the organization and management of a community fallout shelter. It does not describe equipment operation and maintenance, use of monitoring instruments, or other technical details.

*Details”

Guide to shelter organization and management

*Type Of File”

*Download”

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Thanks, Rich